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11+investment-universe

Types of risk

Understand why four key risks: (1) Market risk — systematic price movements affect all investments (NGX bear market affects most stocks), (2) Inflation risk — Nigeria's high inflation can erode real returns on low-yielding assets, (3) Currency risk — naira volatility affects foreign-currency assets, (4) Credit risk — bond issuer default (e.

In this lesson

Types of risk is part of Investing Foundations. This preview shows how investment-universe connects to everyday family decisions such as earning, saving, spending choices, goals, approvals, or parent-guided money conversations inside Progress Penguin.

Think about this money choice

Imagine this situation: You invest in a US dollar-denominated fund from Nigeria. The naira depreciates 40% against the dollar.

How it works

Four key risks: (1) Market risk — systematic price movements affect all investments (NGX bear market affects most stocks), (2) Inflation risk — Nigeria's high inflation can erode real returns on low-yielding assets, (3) Currency risk — naira volatility affects foreign-currency assets, (4) Credit risk — bond issuer default (e.g. corporate bond issuer goes bankrupt).

Apply it to a real decision

Real-life money moment: You invest in a US dollar-denominated fund from Nigeria. The naira depreciates 40% against the dollar. What type of risk does this represent and does it help or hurt you? The key lesson is: Currency risk cuts both ways.

Activity preview

Connect the ideas

Use the lesson to complete this short practice activity.

Try one real money action

Open Tasks and submit proof for one task, or open Requests and make a deposit request. Parent approval can happen later.

Quiz preview

'Currency risk' affects:

Stocks only
All money equally
Cash only
Money held in foreign currency

You invest in a US dollar-denominated fund from Nigeria. The naira depreciates 40% against the dollar. What type of risk does this represent and does it help or hurt you?

Inflation risk — unrelated to currency movements for the typical person
Credit risk — the fund manager defaulted for the typical person under normal conditions
Currency risk — in this case it HELPS you: your dollar investment is now worth 40% more in naira terms when converted back
Market risk — it hurts your investment under normal conditions as a general rule