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11+investment-universe

Risk-return spectrum

Understand why the risk premium: rational investors only accept higher risk if compensated by higher expected return.

In this lesson

Risk-return spectrum is part of Investing Foundations. This preview shows how investment-universe connects to everyday family decisions such as earning, saving, spending choices, goals, approvals, or parent-guided money conversations inside Progress Penguin.

Today’s money mission

Imagine this situation: Rank from lowest to highest expected return (and risk): local T-bills, FGN bonds, NGX stocks, cryptocurrency.

How it works

The risk premium: rational investors only accept higher risk if compensated by higher expected return. This is why T-bills (near-zero risk) offer lower returns than stocks. The expected return differential IS the risk premium — investors are being paid to accept uncertainty.

Apply it to a real decision

Real-life money moment: Rank from lowest to highest expected return (and risk): local T-bills, FGN bonds, NGX stocks, cryptocurrency. The key lesson is: The risk-return spectrum: T-bills (government, short-term, near-certain) → FGN Bonds (government, longer-term, slightly more rate risk) → NGX Stocks (company equity, volatile, higher long-term return) → Crypto (extreme volatility, potential for large gains or total loss).

Activity preview

Apply the idea

Use the lesson to complete this short practice activity.

Try one real money action

Open Tasks and submit proof for one task, or open Requests and make a deposit request. Parent approval can happen later.

Quiz preview

Higher potential returns usually come with:

Government guarantees
Lower risk
No risk
Higher risk

Rank from lowest to highest expected return (and risk): local T-bills, FGN bonds, NGX stocks, cryptocurrency.

T-bills (lowest risk/return) < FGN Bonds < NGX Stocks < Crypto (highest risk/return)
Crypto < Stocks < FGN Bonds < T-bills
FGN Bonds < T-bills < Crypto < Stocks
All have identical expected returns